{
  "collected_on": "2026-09-29",
  "sources": "Hacker News 'Who is hiring?' July-September 2026 (Algolia API), Remotive public feed, Arbeitnow public API. Same fetch as /research/what-ai-job-ads-ask-for-2026, re-run on the date above.",
  "postings_total_collected": 3610,
  "postings_ai_ml": 417,
  "method": "A posting is in a role when its title (or, for a Hacker News comment, its first 200 characters) matches the role pattern in tools/job-ad-sample/by_role2.py. 'mentioning_ai' counts postings in the role whose text names AI, LLMs, ML, agents or a model vendor. Skills are counted once per posting with the patterns in analyse.py.",
  "roles": {
    "gtm_engineer": {
      "postings": 1,
      "by_source": {
        "arbeitnow": 1
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 1,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 1,
        "median_years": 2
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "SQL": 1
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {},
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 1,
          "Agents / agentic": 1,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 1
        },
        "data_infra": {},
        "cloud_ops": {
          "AWS": 1
        },
        "practices": {
          "System design / architecture": 1
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 1,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 1
        },
        "credentials": {
          "'Years of experience' stated": 1
        },
        "workplace": {},
        "regions_named": {
          "Europe": 1
        }
      }
    },
    "sales_or_solutions_engineer": {
      "postings": 49,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 4,
        "arbeitnow": 45
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 39,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 20,
        "median_years": 5
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 13,
          "SQL": 3,
          "TypeScript / JavaScript": 4,
          "Go": 1,
          "Java (not JavaScript)": 2
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {
          "PyTorch": 2,
          "TensorFlow": 2,
          "scikit-learn": 2
        },
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 13,
          "RAG / retrieval": 7,
          "Agents / agentic": 18,
          "Fine-tuning": 2,
          "Prompt engineering": 4,
          "Embeddings": 2,
          "Vector database": 2,
          "Evals / evaluation": 10,
          "LangChain / LlamaIndex": 2,
          "OpenAI API": 5,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 8,
          "Gemini": 1,
          "Model Context Protocol (MCP)": 3
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Spark / Databricks": 6,
          "Snowflake / BigQuery / Redshift": 3,
          "dbt": 2,
          "Kafka": 2,
          "Postgres": 3
        },
        "cloud_ops": {
          "AWS": 15,
          "GCP": 6,
          "Azure": 13,
          "Docker / containers": 10,
          "Kubernetes": 15,
          "Terraform / IaC": 7,
          "CI/CD": 7,
          "MLOps / MLflow / SageMaker / Vertex": 5,
          "Monitoring / observability": 17
        },
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 15,
          "System design / architecture": 30,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 1,
          "Testing": 9,
          "Distributed systems": 1,
          "Security": 20,
          "Data pipelines / ETL": 5
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 27,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 24,
          "Mentoring": 5,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 16,
          "Product sense / customers": 29
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 12,
          "Certification mentioned": 9,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 11,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 20
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 25,
          "Hybrid": 8,
          "On-site": 8,
          "Salary or range stated": 3,
          "Equity": 14,
          "Visa sponsorship": 4
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 15,
          "United Kingdom": 8,
          "Europe": 41,
          "Canada": 1
        }
      }
    },
    "product_manager": {
      "postings": 109,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 14,
        "arbeitnow": 95
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 77,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 40,
        "median_years": 5
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 4,
          "SQL": 6,
          "TypeScript / JavaScript": 1,
          "C++": 1,
          "Scala": 1
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {
          "Hugging Face / transformers": 1
        },
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 14,
          "RAG / retrieval": 5,
          "Agents / agentic": 29,
          "Fine-tuning": 2,
          "Prompt engineering": 2,
          "Embeddings": 3,
          "Vector database": 1,
          "Evals / evaluation": 12,
          "LangChain / LlamaIndex": 1,
          "OpenAI API": 2,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 15,
          "Gemini": 3,
          "Model Context Protocol (MCP)": 6
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Spark / Databricks": 3,
          "Snowflake / BigQuery / Redshift": 2,
          "dbt": 1,
          "Airflow / Dagster / Prefect": 1,
          "Postgres": 1,
          "pandas / NumPy": 1
        },
        "cloud_ops": {
          "AWS": 4,
          "GCP": 3,
          "Azure": 2,
          "Docker / containers": 1,
          "Kubernetes": 1,
          "Monitoring / observability": 19
        },
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 33,
          "System design / architecture": 25,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 18,
          "Testing": 15,
          "Distributed systems": 3,
          "Security": 25,
          "Data pipelines / ETL": 1
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 47,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 56,
          "Mentoring": 14,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 68,
          "Product sense / customers": 48
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 18,
          "PhD mentioned": 1,
          "Certification mentioned": 12,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 24,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 44
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 44,
          "Hybrid": 36,
          "On-site": 23,
          "Salary or range stated": 14,
          "Equity": 23,
          "Visa sponsorship": 9
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 17,
          "United Kingdom": 18,
          "Europe": 85,
          "India": 2,
          "Australia": 1,
          "Canada": 2
        }
      }
    },
    "data_scientist": {
      "postings": 17,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 5,
        "remotive": 1,
        "arbeitnow": 11
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 17,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 7,
        "median_years": 4
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 12,
          "SQL": 8,
          "TypeScript / JavaScript": 2,
          "Go": 1,
          "Rust": 2,
          "Java (not JavaScript)": 4,
          "C++": 1,
          "Scala": 1
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {
          "PyTorch": 2,
          "TensorFlow": 2,
          "scikit-learn": 3,
          "Hugging Face / transformers": 1
        },
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 6,
          "RAG / retrieval": 2,
          "Agents / agentic": 5,
          "Fine-tuning": 1,
          "Prompt engineering": 1,
          "Vector database": 1,
          "Evals / evaluation": 5,
          "LangChain / LlamaIndex": 1,
          "OpenAI API": 1,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 2,
          "Gemini": 1
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Spark / Databricks": 2,
          "Snowflake / BigQuery / Redshift": 2,
          "pandas / NumPy": 3
        },
        "cloud_ops": {
          "AWS": 2,
          "GCP": 3,
          "Azure": 2,
          "Docker / containers": 1,
          "Kubernetes": 1,
          "CI/CD": 1,
          "MLOps / MLflow / SageMaker / Vertex": 2,
          "Monitoring / observability": 3
        },
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 4,
          "System design / architecture": 5,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 5,
          "Testing": 2,
          "Security": 3,
          "Data pipelines / ETL": 1
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 4,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 6,
          "Mentoring": 3,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 4,
          "Product sense / customers": 5
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 4,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 3,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 7
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 10,
          "Hybrid": 3,
          "On-site": 3,
          "Salary or range stated": 2,
          "Equity": 2,
          "Visa sponsorship": 1
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 4,
          "United Kingdom": 3,
          "Europe": 14,
          "India": 1,
          "Australia": 1,
          "Canada": 3
        }
      }
    },
    "analytics_engineer": {
      "postings": 13,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 2,
        "arbeitnow": 11
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 11,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 11,
        "median_years": 5
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 9,
          "SQL": 13
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {},
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 1,
          "Agents / agentic": 3,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 8
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Snowflake / BigQuery / Redshift": 13,
          "dbt": 13,
          "Airflow / Dagster / Prefect": 7,
          "Kafka": 2,
          "Postgres": 2
        },
        "cloud_ops": {
          "AWS": 5,
          "GCP": 1,
          "Azure": 1,
          "Kubernetes": 2,
          "CI/CD": 5,
          "Monitoring / observability": 2
        },
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 6,
          "System design / architecture": 5,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 1,
          "Testing": 1,
          "Security": 3,
          "Data pipelines / ETL": 6
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 5,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 11,
          "Mentoring": 4,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 9
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 1,
          "Certification mentioned": 1,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 2,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 11
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 6,
          "Hybrid": 11,
          "Salary or range stated": 3,
          "Equity": 6,
          "Visa sponsorship": 3
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 6,
          "United Kingdom": 4,
          "Europe": 11
        }
      }
    },
    "data_analyst": {
      "postings": 10,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 3,
        "arbeitnow": 7
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 6,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 4,
        "median_years": 5
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 7,
          "SQL": 8,
          "Java (not JavaScript)": 1
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {},
        "llm_stack": {
          "Agents / agentic": 1,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 1
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Spark / Databricks": 1,
          "Snowflake / BigQuery / Redshift": 3,
          "dbt": 3,
          "pandas / NumPy": 1
        },
        "cloud_ops": {},
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 2,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 2,
          "Testing": 2,
          "Security": 1
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 3,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 3,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 1,
          "Product sense / customers": 1
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 1,
          "Certification mentioned": 1,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 1,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 4
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 1,
          "Hybrid": 1,
          "On-site": 2,
          "Salary or range stated": 1,
          "Equity": 1,
          "Visa sponsorship": 1
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 2,
          "United Kingdom": 3,
          "Europe": 5,
          "Canada": 1
        }
      }
    },
    "robotics": {
      "postings": 33,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 13,
        "arbeitnow": 20
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 26,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 7,
        "median_years": 5
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {
          "Python": 10,
          "C++": 9
        },
        "ml_frameworks": {
          "PyTorch": 3,
          "JAX": 1
        },
        "llm_stack": {
          "LLMs (any mention)": 2,
          "Agents / agentic": 2,
          "Embeddings": 1,
          "Evals / evaluation": 5,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 2
        },
        "data_infra": {
          "Postgres": 2
        },
        "cloud_ops": {
          "Docker / containers": 4,
          "CI/CD": 2,
          "Monitoring / observability": 3
        },
        "practices": {
          "Production / shipped systems": 18,
          "System design / architecture": 9,
          "Experimentation / A/B testing": 1,
          "Testing": 9,
          "Security": 5,
          "Data pipelines / ETL": 2
        },
        "working_with_people": {
          "Communication": 7,
          "Stakeholders / cross-functional": 3,
          "Mentoring": 3,
          "Ownership / autonomy": 21,
          "Product sense / customers": 12
        },
        "credentials": {
          "Degree mentioned (BS/MS/PhD)": 14,
          "PhD mentioned": 6,
          "Portfolio / GitHub / side projects": 3,
          "'Years of experience' stated": 9
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 2,
          "Hybrid": 1,
          "On-site": 19,
          "Salary or range stated": 1,
          "Equity": 12,
          "Visa sponsorship": 4
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 12,
          "United Kingdom": 1,
          "Europe": 18
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "skills_within_ai_ads": {
    "voice_or_speech": {
      "postings": 8,
      "of_ai_ml": 417
    },
    "evals_titled_roles": {
      "postings": 2,
      "by_source": {
        "hn": 1,
        "remotive": 1
      },
      "mentioning_ai": 2,
      "years": {
        "postings_stating_years": 0,
        "median_years": null
      },
      "mentions": {
        "languages": {},
        "ml_frameworks": {},
        "llm_stack": {
          "Agents / agentic": 1,
          "Evals / evaluation": 1,
          "OpenAI API": 1,
          "Anthropic / Claude": 1
        },
        "data_infra": {},
        "cloud_ops": {},
        "practices": {},
        "working_with_people": {},
        "credentials": {
          "Certification mentioned": 1
        },
        "workplace": {
          "Remote": 1,
          "On-site": 1,
          "Salary or range stated": 1,
          "Equity": 1
        },
        "regions_named": {
          "United States": 1,
          "United Kingdom": 1
        }
      }
    }
  }
}